What is a Hernia? Signs, Causes & When to See a Surgeon

A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Most hernias develop in the abdomen or groin, and while some cause little discomfort, others can grow over time and occasionally become an emergency.

Common signs to watch for

• A visible bulge in the groin, belly button or abdomen — often more noticeable when you stand, cough or lift.
• A dragging, aching or burning sensation around the bulge.
• Discomfort that worsens with activity and eases when lying down.

When to see a surgeon promptly

If a hernia becomes firm, painful, red, or is associated with vomiting and cannot be pushed back in, seek medical attention urgently — this can indicate the hernia is trapped (incarcerated) or its blood supply is cut off (strangulated).

How hernias are treated

Hernias do not resolve on their own. When surgery is advised, most can be repaired using minimally invasive (laparoscopic) techniques, which typically mean smaller incisions, less pain and a quicker return to normal activity. Larger or complex hernias may need abdominal wall reconstruction. Your surgeon will recommend the approach best suited to your hernia and general health.

This article is for general information and is not a substitute for a personal consultation.